Development of Women during the 1920's to the 1930's Essay

A Seperate Peace essays

A Seperate Peace articles Companionship is the fundamental subject in John Knowles epic A Separate Peace. Quality Forrester, a scholarly understudy and Finny, his flat mate at Devon School who is normally getting rowdy, has magnetic ways, which typically absolved him from discipline. The two have restricting interests and characters, yet still stay dear companions. Quality, begrudging Finnys athletic capacity, feels that Finny, consequently, begrudges his scholastic accomplishments, and he presumes that Finny is attempting to redirect him from his work. Quality's questions transform into rankled contempt. However, when Gene understands that he has been mixed up of the presence of Finny attempting to divert him because of the way that one day, Finny communicates a longing to see Gene succeed, Gene acknowledges they have been companions the entire time, and through everything that is the thing that fellowship is. Together they get past the mid year, and the hardships of losing different companions and cohorts t o the war. The peruser truly begins to see the cozy relationship both of them have, directly from when they are presented. Their companionship is unmistakably present at numerous events all through the novel. Finny urges Gene into making a risky bounce off of a tree into the close by stream, and the two beginning a mystery society dependent on this as the custom. When Finny endeavors to make the bounce Gene twists his knees, making the branch pad Finny to fall and break his leg. When the specialist tells Gene, Finny wont have the option to play numerous games, Gene feels he is to blame, and he feels that he is at fault. Finny, is sent home before Gene gets an opportunity to converse with him. At the point when Gene goes to visit Finny throughout his late spring brake, Finny wont hear him out clarifying it was his issue. Outsider, the first to enroll in the military from Devon school, is likewise companions with Gene and Finny. Brinker Hadley, another companion at the school, recommends to Gene that he enrolls in the military as well, thus Gene concurs. That night, in any case, Gene discovers that F ... <! A Seperate Peace papers As I would see it, so as to develop you should lose your guiltlessness. I state this in light of the fact that during the time spent growing up you learn things about existence and do things that lead up to losing your honesty. In the book A Separate Piece by John Knowles there are three valid justifications that help this. The principal model is when Gene needs to manage his envy of Phineas and his athletic capacity. When at long last Gene couldnt take it any longer he jarred the appendage that made Phinny fall and break his leg and that experience help lose qualities blamelessness. He could have additionally stayed away from that all together by intuition before he acted however along these lines he learned not to take your activities and contemplations excessively far. Quality likewise shouldnt have been so envious of Phinny on the grounds that he really was more brilliant then him and thus Phinny was desirous of Gene for that. Another model this book depicts that you should lose your blamelessness so as to develop is during the time after the mishap when Brinker would blame him for pushing Phinny out of the tree, unconscious that he really helped in Phinnys fall. Despite the fact that Gene scarcely enjoyed the inquiries and allegations being tossed at him, he needed to suffer them since he realized it was valid and it would just involve time before they discovered (despite the fact that they never discover.) This instructed Gene that things dont consistently go as arranged and when the world tosses you lemons, you need to make lemonade. The third model is when Phinny bites the dust somewhat because of Genes deficiency. As hard as it might have been, Gene needs to acknowledge the clear issues that he is incompletely to fault for Phinnys passing, since he was the individual who disabled Phinny in any case. In motion pictures and shows you for the most part observe individuals developing in various manners and the significant advance is the point at which they lose somebody near them. It causes individuals to understand that passing is a regular thing that can happen to anybody and that you should live youre life without limit and n... <! A seperate harmony expositions At fifteen years old John Knowles began going to class at Phillips Exeter Academy. This was a notable life experience school in New Hampshire. Exeter was fundamentally the same as Devon, the anecdotal school he portrays in his novel A Seperate Peace. Knowles graduated in 1945; in any case, he didn't go to school quickly a short time later. He joined the war exertion rather as a piece of the U.S. Armed force Air Force's Aviation Cadet Program. A short time later he went to Yale and graduated in 1949, when he headed out to Europe and functioned as a writer. At that point in the mid 1950's he came back to the U.S., where he started dealing with A Seperate Peace. John Knowles expressed A Seperate Peace in the 1950's while in the United States. World War II had recently finished and that assumed a significant job in what he composed his book about. The story is set in the 1940's at an all young men school in Devon, New England. - Gene Forrester was the storyteller of the story, an understudy at Devon during World War II. His closest companion at school was Phineas, an unrivaled competitor, while Gene was better known for his scholastic aptitudes. Quality has an unmistakable clouded side hiding underneath the surface, however he gives off an impression of being a decent, genuine individual in his regular daily existence. He goes back to his school fifteen years after he has graduated and depicts his stong recollections and sentiments about what happend in 1942 at Devon in extraordinary detail. - Phineas was certain, warm, a momentous competitor with a negligence for the guidelines and an inborn capacity to prevail upon individuals. He had a method of conversing with individuals that would assist him with pulling off anything. He confronted reality only a little at once, because of this reality didn't change the manner in which he acted. - Leper Lepellier did nothing that any other person did. He sim ply did whatever him might feeling like doing. He wouldn't accomplish something since every other person was doing it. ... <! A Seperate Peace articles There was a plenty of things in A Separate Peace that represent a considerable lot of Knowles thoughts. He utilizes these images to help depict his subjects and make the novel progressively important. The tree depicts the possibility that in the event that we acknowledge people groups contrasts, we will have tranquility. The war shows the topic that war will prominently affect everybody. The Devon River and the Naguamsett stream show that there is a decent side and an insidious side in everybody. The tree, the war, and the two streams represent John Knowles topics in A Separate Peace. The Tree depicts the possibility that on the off chance that we acknowledge people groups contrasts, we will have tranquility. On the off chance that Gene would not have been desirous of Finny being superior to him, and acknowledged this distinction than Finny would have never dropped out of the tree and broken his leg. Quality shook the tree which thumped Finny out, in light of the fact that he was unable to acknowledge Finnys distinction in being superior to Gene. John Knowles utilizes the tree as an impetus for Genes narrow mindedness of Finnys contrasts. The tree helped Gene feel predominant on the grounds that Finny cumbersomely tumbled off and broke his leg while Gene smoothly dove off into the water. On the off chance that the tree was not there than Gene would have not gotten the opportunity to make himself the prevalent of the two, and there would have been harmony. The war shows the subject that war will prominently affect everybody. At the point when the war happened everyone at Devon was affected by it. It made a few people go insane, a few people considered overwhelming their instruction and joining the military, and a few people didnt even trust everything. Outcast Lepellier was the solitary individual to enroll and the war caused him to go crazy. Brinker contemplated enrolling, however when he was mocked by different understudies he chose not to. Finny didn't trust it truly existed and said it was made up by chunky men. In any case, his assessment was changed when he saw the Leper h ... <! A Seperate Peace articles Theory: John Knowles utilizes imagery in the novel A Separate Peace to show the transitioning, in youngsters in secondary school. III. THE DEVON AND NAGUAMSETT RIVERS Jeremiah Noack Noack 1 John Knowles A Separate Peace draws in numerous youthful perusers as a result of its secondary school setting. One of his employments of imagery is to show how Phineas and Gene are direct inverses. Another utilization of imagery is, the Devon as joyful summer days, and the Naguamsett as adulthood. He likewise utilizes imagery with the war as the real world, and how is impacts the understudies at Devon. Knowles utilizes imagery as the fundamental segments in his novel A Separate Peace. Phineas and Gene are regularly viewed as images of the different sides of the human character great and underhandedness. Phineas turns into an image of the perfect individual. He is caring, chivalrous, merciful, and a fantastic companion to Gene. Phineas is a direct inverse of Gene, he is a characteristic competitor, and a total maverick, inspired by quick and harmless individual pleasures(Forbes, 1). Quality, then again, is a devotee. He gives off an impression of being an outstanding individual, however where it counts inside can be shrewd and noxious from all the resentment that has developed. Quality is an image of the fallen man. All through the novel, the inquiry that the peruser consistently contemplates is whether Gene purposely shook the tree appendage so that Finny would fall. Quality subliminally was desirous of Phineas' prosperity as a competitor at Devon, which presumably roused him in needing to hurt Finny. Finny is questionable if Gene deliberately shook the tree, and in this way never blames him. At the point when Leper considers Gene a savage and he denies it, yet not long after Leper demonstrates him to be correct. Pariah blames Gene for thumping Finny out of the tree, also, Gene consequently goes on edge. He becomes angered in light of the fact that he as of now is feeling remorseful about the episode. While visiti... <! A Seperate Peace expositions Adam and Eve had an ideal Garden of Eden, until Eve ate the apple and co

How Manic Depression Became Bipolar Disorder

How Manic Depression Became Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania and Hypomania Print Why Did Manic Depression Become Bipolar Disorder? The History and Reasons Behind the Change By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 17, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights RapidEye/Getty Images The phrase manic depression has its origins rooted in ancient Greece, where the term was used as early as the first century to describe symptoms of mental illness.?? In her book Bipolar Expeditions: Mania and Depression in American Culture, author Emily Martin writes, The Greeks believed that mental derangement could involve imbalance among the humors, as when melancholy, heated by the fluxes of the blood, became its opposite, mania. What Does Manic Depression Mean? In the late 1800s, Jean-Pierre Falret, a French psychiatrist, identified folie circulaire, or circular insanity, manic and melancholic episodes that were separated by periods that were free of symptoms. It is through his work that the term manic-depressive psychosis became the name of this psychiatric disorder. Its noteworthy that psychosis was included, thus excluding all types of what we know as bipolar disorder that do not include psychotic features.?? In 1902, Emil Kraepelin organized and classified what used to be thought of as unitary psychosis into two categories. Manic-depression was the term he used to describe mental illnesses centered in emotional or mood problems. Dementia praecox, literally meaning premature madness, and later renamed schizophrenia, was his title for mental illnesses derived from thought or cognitive problems.?? In the early 1950s, Karl Leonhard introduced the term bipolar to differentiate unipolar depression (major  depressive disorder) from bipolar depression. In 1980, with the publication of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the term manic depression was officially changed in the classification system to bipolar disorder.?? The Types of Bipolar Episodes Why Bipolar Disorder Instead of Manic Depression? In the last few decades, the medical profession, and psychiatry specifically, has made a concerted effort to shift the vernacular to the official DSM diagnostic term of bipolar disorder. There are a number of reasons cited for this shift, including: Manic depression has generally been used to denote a wide array of mental illnesses, and as classification systems have become more sophisticated, the new term of bipolar disorder allows for more clarity in diagnosis.??The terms manic and mania have been greatly stigmatized. Consider popular phrases such as Manic Monday, Animaniacs, homicidal maniac, and the like. Similarly, the term depression is used flippantly by the general public for periods of sadness that dont really qualify as clinical depression.Bipolar disorder is more of a clinical term and therefore, less emotionally loaded.Manic depression emphasizes the predominant emotional symptoms  but seems to exclude the physical and/or cognitive symptoms also present.The term manic depression excludes the cyclothymic or hypomanic (bipolar II disorder) versions of the disorder.?? Types of Bipolar Disorder There are three types of bipolar disorder recognized in DSM-5.?? They include: Bipolar I disorder: For this type to be diagnosed, you must have manic or mixed episodes lasting at least a week or manic symptoms that were severe enough that you needed to be hospitalized. Depressive episodes are often present too.Bipolar II disorder:  Hypomanic, or depressive episodes happen in this type, but not manic episodesCyclothymic disorder or cyclothymia: This type is a milder kind of bipolar and is diagnosed when youve had both hypomanic and milder depressive episodes for at least two years. The Different Classifications of Bipolar Disorder

The Effects Of Air Pollution On The Central Valley Essay

AIR POLLUTION The Central Valley is one of the many sites of where air pollution is most greatly produced. This is due to the vast majority of electricity, fuels, and transportation that people in the Central Valley utilize along with the amount of agriculture that is produced here. Many people go through their daily activities without thinking about how they are harming not only the environment but also the health and well being of humans. The cause of air pollution is not only due to natural events like volcanoes and wildfires but is mostly contributed to human activities. These include use of gases, the burning of wood, power generation, driving, the use of household and farming chemicals, and more! (Lad, 2016) Air pollution is interconnected with many health effects like upper respiratory infections and chronic respiratory diseases like asthma. (cdc.gov, 2016) However, there are many mitigation strategies that are being implemented to help address the health effects of air pollution. California’s Central Valley includes the cities of Fresno, Visalia, Bakersfield, Modesto, Stockton, Vacaville, and Yuba City. It covers approximately 20,000 square miles while being enclosed by mountains. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2011) The Central Valley experiences hot summers with temperatures that reach 110 degrees and winters that get as cold as 30 degrees. Being that mountains fence the Valley, we are the central target for pollutants to travel to. (Berg, 2011) A decade ago, we wereShow MoreRelatedAir Pollution : Causes, Economic, Social, And Health Impacts2113 Words   |  9 Pagesthe past few years, air pollution has been one of the major problems encountered in the California central valley. The Central Valley, also called as the Great Valley of California, is comprised of approximately about 20, 000 square miles. It is consisted of two parts, the northern portion is called the Sacramento Valley and the southern portion is called the San Joaquin Valley (U.S.). There are several factors that could have contributed to the amount of air pollution in the air, some of which humansRead MoreProblems Caused by Air Pollution1082 Words   |  5 PagesCaused By Air Pollution Some people think that air pollution is not harming the earth or the people, but it is doing worse, by killing the earth and getting people sick. Air pollutants, according to Gay, are known to cause respiratory diseases, cancer, and other serious illnesses (12). Air pollution not only threatens the health and life of humans but also causes damage to the environment (Gay 13). First, air pollution causes a great deal of health problems. Wanting clean air is a goodRead MoreExplain How Urban Heat Islands Develop? to What Extent Uhi Influence1421 Words   |  6 Pagesrefers to the localized increase in temperature associated with an urban area. The UHI is an example of unintentional climate modification when urbanization changes the characteristics of the earth’s surface and atmosphere. It was observed that the UHI effect might result in minimum urban temperatures being 5-6 ° greater than the surrounding countryside. In the case of London, mean annual temperature was 11 °C, while the surrounding countryside was 9.6 °C and the suburbs was 10.3 °C in the period between 1932—1960Read More Problems Caused By Air Pollution Essay1061 Words   |  5 PagesCaused By Air Pollution nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some people think that air pollution is not harming the earth or the people, but it is doing worse, by killing the earth and getting people sick. quot;Air pollutants,quot; according to Gay, quot;are known to cause respiratory diseases, cancer, and other serious illnessesquot; (12). Air pollution not only threatens the health and life of humans but also causes damage to the environment (Gay 13). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;First, air pollutionRead MoreCarbon Monoxide And Its Effects On The Environment1677 Words   |  7 Pagesextent of their effects on the environment. One of these toxins among the many is carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is a gaseous chemical toxin that is emitted into the air through human activity. The emission of carbon monoxide is negative one not only on the environment but to animals, plants, and humans alike. In some instances, the effects of these emissions are irreversible. In this essay, the effects of carbon monoxide, its classification, and source will be explored. These effects include the environmentalRead MoreA Brief Note On Environmental Racism Of Los Angeles1623 Words   |  7 Pagestwenty five percent of children of the South Bronx have asthma. It is really unfortunate but these rates are all due to the unfair spatial planning of her community. Los Angeles, for instance, has a lot of disadvantaged communities that have high pollution, low p eople to park ratios, as well as closer proximity to hazardous facilities LOCATION INDICATES HEALTH Ethnicity, race and income all contribute to health disparities in the United States. There is a substantial disparity in food choices betweenRead MoreThe Extinction Of Species Extinction1045 Words   |  5 Pagesloss of species. However, before taking this class, I had not understood the extent and the rate of species extinction. It was very interesting to lean from the video about the mitigation measures human beings are putting in place to reduce the effects of species extinction. The two most interesting measures were the seedbank at arctic and the idea of cloning of extinct animals from DNA collected from fossils. Such ideas beg one to ask, â€Å"What is the next technological idea?† The two videos canRead MoreMy Pediatrician Diagnosed Me With Athletic Asthma2266 Words   |  10 Pagesme to learn how prevalent it was in central California, particularly in Fresno. Quite often people in Fresno will make reference how terrible the air is in a given day. Residents of the central valley are constantly reminded about our air quality with programs such as Check Before You Burn, a local government solution to help control the amount of wood residents burn in the winter to help maintain better air quality. The weather reports on TV also include air quality readings for the day and pollenRead MoreThe Pollution Of The San Joaquin Valley1298 Words   |  6 PagesThe Water In The Valley. If the water is contaminated by the airborne pollutants, whether by depositing through direct water surface contact or by depositing on land and being carried to water bodies through run off, the residents will face problems. Once in the water, these pollutants can cause the fish to poi son people upon consumption, or the fish could die out. Harmful algal blooms could occur; the water will become contaminated and unsafe to drink. This might seem like an exaggeration but inRead MoreAir Quality With Forest Fires973 Words   |  4 PagesAir Quality with Forest Fires ​Since 1970, raging forest fires have doubled. Climate Central reports, this is because of climate change which has brought hotter summers and longer fire seasons. Throughout this paper, I will go over how forest fires are contributing to air pollution, ground ozone, the impacts on humans, and the response to the problem. This is a problem that individuals can’t help but there are ways they can keep safe and stay healthy when forest fires arise in their areas. Naturally

Corporate Social Responsibility ( Csr ) - 1726 Words

Throughout my research of what Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is, I noticed that many organizations have framed their own definition, considering a common ground between them. My own definition of CSR is the voluntary continuous commitment and responsibility on the effects that an organization has on both internal (employees) and external stakeholders (communities, environment) that go beyond legal or ethical standard required to operate, as well creating a synergistic relationship between the two parties promoting win-win relationship based on trust and the positive perception that reflects the organization to the community. (Mirvis, 2012, p. 110) Beside the challenges of operating in a globalize world of integrated markets, were†¦show more content†¦A Net Impact survey stated that 53% of workers want were they can have an impact because it was important to their happiness, another important fact that the survey mentioned is that 35% would like to work for a company committed to CSR, 45% for a job that makes a social or environmental impact, and that 58% would like to work with values like their own (as cited in Meister, 2012). Looking at the survey results stated above, should organization focus first in their internal CSR strategy and used CSR as â€Å"a tool† (Mirvis, 2012), to engage, retain, and attract skilled employees while creating â€Å"a dynamic, vital, living entity, fed by the interaction among its myriad stakeholders,† (Vallaster, Lindgreen Maon, 2012). Google background information Google is the most used search engine worldwide. Sergey Brin and Larry Page are its founders, both are idealists at heart and have maintained a management policy based on firm principles and clear rules. Do no evil it is one of the basic principles that Google teaches to its relatively few employees. Google does not use uniforms, each employee may informally dress every day and their hours are quite flexible (D Onfro Smith, 2015). But why would a company keep their employees in this way. Larry Page and Sergey Brin explains that it is very important to have happy employee at all times as this may unleash the

Reaction Paper #4 Free Essays

The reading of the Holocaust victim’s names was a bleak reminder of a trip I took with a friend to Germany in 2006. We visited many beautiful places including breathtaking castles and mountains, but the most memorable experience I have from our trip was visiting the Buchenwald Concentration Camp near Erfurt Germany. I was taught in school growing up that the Holocaust was bad. We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction Paper #4 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was aware that genocide was attempted and many people were killed. It sounds terrible to say, but I had become numb through years of hearing of the mass killings of the Holocaust over and over again, but what I wasn’t ready for what I wasn’t ready for were the photos of the suffering and inhumane living conditions that the victims had to live through for a long period of time before being killed. I imagine it to be similar to my reaction of seeing a dead dog on the side of the freeway (some sadness if I stop to dwell on the thought), compared to a seeing suffering dog just after being hit by the car (deep sadness to the extent of tears). The Concentration Camp sort of opened my eyes to my inner reactions towards death and my much deeper ractions towards suffering. The Holocaust reading further showed me my reactions to death. As they read countless names of small children only 6 and 7 years old did not have a huge impact on me. The deaths of people in the past has never made me sad or impacted me really. It wasn’t until images of suffering people and children came back to my mind from my Germany trip and I imagined my young nieces and nephews as some of those suffering children I saw in the photos that it became deeply moving. I think that it is one thing to see statistics and numbers which is largely what is portrayed when we are taught about the Holocaust, but entirely another to actually hear the names one after another for hours. The sheer timeframe puts the magnitude of the Holocaust into perspective. It is a shame, though that there was pretty much nobody listening to the reading. Everyone was just walking through the Union building. Most didn’t even stop to read the sign to see what the reader was even doing. I thought to myself, how long would it take me to name the names of every person that I personally know? How would I feel if everyone basically ignored me reading the names of all my friends, family, and acquaintances that were brutally murdered in war crimes? The Holocaust has a â€Å"close to home† impact on me as my mother’s family is of Jewish descent, and (as evident by my last name) my father’s family is of German descent. Some would say it is an ironic match of family histories culminating in my parents then combining in my 5 sisters and I as a mix. I view it as not irony, but a step towards healing and tolerance; a step towards the contrary of Hitler’s goal. As I mentally reminisced on my visit to Buchenwald I wondered how many of the names I had heard today were the actual people in the photos I had seen of bodies stacked so high it wasn’t possible to count them in the photo, photos I had seen of men as thin as a rail with every bone on their body as pronounced as though they were bursting through the strained skin. Much like giving a stray animal a name will cause sentimental attachment; giving those faces etched in my memory a name gives greater gravity to the tragedy for humanity that is the Holocaust. How to cite Reaction Paper #4, Papers

Napoleon And Wellington Essays - Nobility, European People

Napoleon and Wellington The careers of Napoleon Bonaparte and Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke of Wellington, contrasted in many different ways. The manner in which both rose to glory was quite dissimilar. Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Corsica on August 15, 1769 and was thought to be the most formidable military commander since Alexander the great. He was a bright, charismatic child of noble background. As a boy, he was described as good ?willed and generous. At nine, through his father's influence, Napoleon went off to military school in Paris at the expense of King Louis XVI. It was here that it was discovered that he had and amazing brain capacity and was considered a genius, yet nobody could imagine his success and all of the dead bodies he left in his wake for the sake of peace. Wellesley, on the other hand, was born on May 1, 1769, in Dublin and was also of noble background. As an adult, Wellesley would rise to rule the British empire, but as a schoolboy his future looked grim and lacked the genius that Napoleon possessed. His situation became so desperate that he was sent to military school, where his metamorphosis was astonishing. He found that he enjoyed the army and needed it to establish a career in life. He was given the title "1st Duke of Wellington" due to his military successes. In school, Napoleon was always the leader and could always win at games due to his strategies and his impeccability at outwitting the other team. He was attracted to the military for a number of reasons and he had secret weapons such as his extraordinary intelligence. The military schools of Napoleon and Wellesley never engaged in competition so they never met. Napoleon graduated military school in 1785, at the age of 16, and joined the artillery as a second lieutenant. He studied firepower and trained in the artillery, which would help Napoleon become a genius in this field. Meanwhile, in 1787, Wellesley was commissioned to the British army and, although he was extremely ambitious, his youth sometimes showed. In 1790, Wellesley was elected to the Irish parliament and participated in the unsuccessful campaign of 1794-95 against French forces in the Netherlands. Upon returning to England in 1805, he was rewarded with knighthood. After the Revolution began, Napoleon became a lieutenant colonel in the Corsican National Guard but, in 1793, Corsica declared independence, and Bonaparte, a French patriot and a Republican, fled to France with his family. He was assigned, as a captain, to an army besieging Toulon, a naval base that, aided by a British fleet, was in revolt against the republic. Replacing a wounded artillery general, he drove the British fleet from the harbor, and Toulon fell. Napoleon was then promoted to brigadier general at the age of 24 and in 1796 he married Josephine de Beauharnais, the widow of an aristocrat guillotined in the Revolution and the mother of two children. Also in 1796, Bonaparte was made commander of the French army in Italy and due to his victories, he became quite well known and respected by the French. In the same year, Wellesley, now holding the rank of colonel in the army, went to India, where he received his first independent command. Wellesley's brother was appointed governor-general of India in 1797, and Arthur took part in several military campaigns and returned to England in 1805. In 1798, Bonaparte led an expedition to Turkish-ruled Egypt, which he conquered yet his fleet was destroyed. Undismayed, he reformed the Egyptian government and law, abolishing serfdom and feudalism and guaranteeing basic rights. In 1799, he won a smashing victory over the Turks but failed to capture Syria. Napoleon then decided to leave his army and return to save France, where he joined a conspiracy against the government. He and his colleagues seized power in the coup d'etat of November 1799, and established a new regime called the Consulate. Under its constitution, Bonaparte, as first consul, had almost dictatorial powers. In 1802 the constitution was revised to make Bonaparte consul for life and then in 1804 it made him emperor. He reorganized the administration, simplified the court system, and all schools in France were put under centralized control. He standardized French law in the Napoleon Code and they guaranteed the rights and liberties won in the Revolution, including equality before the law and freedom of religion. In 1806, Napoleon conquered the kingdom of Naples and the Dutch republic and destroyed the Prussian army. Napoleon made an ally of Czar Alexander I and greatly