Nike, an International Business - 2766 Words

Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Brief Historical of NIKE 3 Financial Statement 5 Total Revenue 6 Operating Income 6 Net Income 6 Recent News of Nike 7 PESTLE analysis 8 Political 8 Economic 8 Social 9 Technology 9 Marketing Strategies 11 Conclusion 12 References 13 Introduction In this assignment, we are going to study about the Nike in its home country, United State (U.S.). We choose Nike as our study due to; firstly, most of our team members like sporting. We are interested with lots of sport brand especially the world well-known brand, Nike. Secondly, Nike makes a huge influence to the public. The Nike slogan is ‘Just do it’. When we heard ‘just do it’ or see a logo†¦show more content†¦At the year 2012, the total revenue also increases, because there is a stronger demand for its product all around the world. The strong demand is because of the Olympic Games which hold in the year 2012. Operating Income The Nike, Inc operating income increase from USD2.474billion to USD 3.040billion from year 2010 to year 2012, there is a USD0.566billion increase in this two year. But the increasing rates are reduces because the costs of revenue and the selling general and administrative expenses are increase year by year, from USD6.36billion to USD7.431billion. Net Income The net income for Nike, Inc increased 14% from USD1.907billion to USD2.223billion, from year 2010 to year 2012 because the net income from continuing Ops is increasing year by year. Recent News of Nike The brand named Nike is the flagship brand owned by Nike,Inc. It wholly owned affiliates, reports as other business like Cole Haan, Converse, Hurley International LLC, Umbro, Nike Golf, and Jordan Brand. The dealbook.nytimes.com stated the Nike, Inc planned to sell two brands; there are Cole Haan and Umbro due to focus the other mainstay offerings. On the October 2012, the Nike, Inc agreed to sell the Umbro ( a UK sports brand ) to US clothing company, Inconix Brand Group. Inconix is a company which owns a numbers of clothing brands, includingShow MoreRelatedNike International Business and Trade Unit1207 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study: Nike, Inc. International Business and Trade Unit 1. Company Ethics: Nike Inc. in Cooperation with its suppliers Many global companies like Nike, Inc. are seen as role models both in the market place as well as in society in large. That is why they are expected to act responsibly in their dealings with humanity and the natural world. Nike benefits from the global sourcing opportunities, therefore areas such as production and logistics have been outsourced to partner companies in low-wageRead MoreNike s Impact On International Business1294 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Nike, a multinational company is one of the top and well known athletic footwear and apparel producers in the world. It had established production plants in many countries and has many suppliers, distributors, and retailers worldwide. It is well known because of its engagement in international business and the amount of employment it had created around the world. Nike was criticized as a result of how it managed its expansion strategy which impacted the company positively and negativelyRead MoreSocial responsibility and Ethics in International Business Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal awareness Global awareness has become an essential proficiency in international business. In order to become globally aware, the managers of firms must be accepting of cultural differences, understand the culture, have an understanding of global economics and recognize the political trends (Cateora, Gilly, Graham, 2013). A majority of problems chanced upon are the outcome of the oddness of the surroundings the organization will be operating in the host country. Additionally, as describedRead MoreNike Strategy1302 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction For this module Session Long Project I picked Nike, Inc as the multinational company to study. Here we will discuss the origin and history of this company and its profile. We will also cover Nike s international activities and how they managed to become today s world s leading supplier of athletic shoes, apparel and sports equipment. We will see how this company managed to expand internationally and control the sportswear arena completely by utilizing marketing strategy centeringRead MoreNike Strategic Plan1034 Words   |  5 PagesProblem How can Nike continue to increase their sales and profitability, not only here in the U.S. but around the world? Nike also needs to improve their public image as well as their customer service to continue to be competitive in the apparel industry. Possible Action Alternatives 1) Continue expansion into global markets where competitors have been successful. There are huge opportunities for Nike to grow across multiple dimensions in terms of international expansion. Nike should take advantageRead MoreNikes Approach To Compete International Case Study1234 Words   |  5 Pagesshoe business named â€Å"Blue Ribbon Sports†, in 1962, at that time they were distributing running shoes for a company in Japan. (Nike, 2015). One could say they were ahead of their time and true visionaries; moreover, they were doing business with a foreign country and would soon branch out to Asia. They designed and tested their shoes in America; however, they soon realized the value in overseas manufacturing, so they outsourced the manufacturing to Asia. Competing Internationally Since Nike startedRead MoreNike Case Study1112 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study- Nike 1. Discuss how Nikes growth can be attributed to its targeting of diverse market global segments. In the 1960’s Nike was only making running shoes. At this point in time not many people knew of Nike or the Nike swoosh. In order to increase brand awareness, they started paying athletes to wear their shoes. However, very soon Nike learnt that in order to be a global brand they needed to appeal to different market segments, not just athletes. Hence, they then decided to tapRead MoreCompany Overview: Nike, INC1106 Words   |  4 PagesNike, Inc. is the world’s leading designer, marketer and distributor of athletic footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories for a wide variety of sports and fitness activities. NIKE, Inc. sells, distributes and licenses its products in approximately 200 countries around the world. NIKE focuses its products in seven key categories: Running, Basketball, Soccer, Men’s Training, Women’s Training, NIKE Sportswear and Action sports. NIKE sells products through its NIKE Brand and Affiliate Brands (ConverseRead MoreThe Tows Matrix : Swot Analysis942 Words   |  4 Pagesexplains what the SWOT of Nike today. In this graph of SWOT matrix, we would like to explore what is possible for us to do in dealing with those elements in the business, externally and internally. Simply said, external comes from opportunities and threats, while internal comes from strengths and weaknesses of Nike. Corporate and Business Strategies Corporate strategy is the overall scope and direction of an organization. It indicates how managers are adding value to the business and addressing mainRead MoreNike Case Study1104 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study- Nike 1. Discuss how Nikes growth can be attributed to its targeting of diverse market global segments. In the 1960’s Nike was only making running shoes. At this point in time not many people knew of Nike or the Nike swoosh. In order to increase brand awareness, they started paying athletes to wear their shoes. However, very soon Nike learnt that in order to be a global brand they needed to appeal to different market segments, not just athletes. Hence, they then decided to tap more

Positive Impact Of Nelson Mandela - 1254 Words

Haseeb Sial Ms. Poll Global Studies Honors December 11, 2017 Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela was a great leader of South Africa. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in South Africa on July 18, 1918. He was an anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who was the first black and democratically elected President. Before Mandela was elected president, South Africa was a country with a white supremacist government, ruled by apartheid. There were racial tensions between whites and blacks, both races hated each other. Blacks were uneducated and most of them were poor and had little food. Nelson Mandela had a positive impact towards South Africa because he ended apartheid, unified South Africa and helped those less†¦show more content†¦In 1964, he was found guilty of sabotage and treason and spent three decades in the Robben Island Prison. Mandela turned the prison experience into an ANC school, teaching other blacks about politics and other freedom fighters like Gandhi (Lockard 959). Nelson Mandela fought against apa rtheid for years with protests/strikes and by leading the ANC. Nelson Mandela unified South Africa by using sports and the Truth Reconciliation Committee. Through sports like rugby, Mandela brought South Africa together. Rugby was mainly seen as a white game. Even today, it attracts mainly white supporters, and most of the players are white. In 1995, there were still fears about the policies the government would adopt in regards to the treatment of white people. Mandela showed white South Africans that there was no cause for worry and that they would be included in the new South Africa. The Springboks (the name of the national rugby team) were hated by the blacks, he used this opportunity to unify the blacks and whites. At a rally he put on a Springboks hat, he supported the team every step of the way and encouraged South Africans of all races to get behind the Springboks (Bartleby.com). The Rugby World Cup was held in South Africa in 1955 and South Africa won so the whole countryShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Nelson Mandela893 Words   |  4 Pagesas a unified population. Nelson Mandela was a key figure of someone who wanted equal rights and would do whatever it takes to achieve that goal. The South African people initially did not have any decision on politics, where they lived, occupation, and etc. Nelson Mandela, who was a part of this South African population, followed his beliefs to eventually change these laws for his people. Even Nelson did not have the full rights as a human, but that never stopped him. Nelson and his people wanted theRead MoreNelson Mandela s Influence On Human Rights945 Words   |  4 PagesNelson Mandela is a world renowned activist that was imprisoned for twenty seven years in a South African prison, because of a system of racism known as â€Å"apartheid† which discriminated against blacks living in South Africa at the time. Since his release from prison, apartheid has since been abolished in South Africa and he was elected President of that country. Nelson Mandela had a positive impact on human rights by standing up against racism in his country as well as many others around the worldRead MoreBiography of Nelson Mandela 1355 Words   |  6 Pageslive in a way that responds and enhances the freedom of others† says Nelson Mandela. (cite) Mandela lived by these words and showed it in many ways. Nelson Mandela changed the world by ending apartheid, positively influencing others, and creating and supporting multiple charities. (add more information) Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, which is now known as Nelson Mandela day. By being the son of a tribal councilor, Mandela mastered the art of listening; this helped him become a successful leaderRead MoreThe Beliefs And Achievements Of Nelson Mandela And Mohandas Gandhi853 Words   |  4 Pagesachievements of Nelson Mandela and Mohandas Gandhi have made positive impacts on society throughout global history. They both helped people fight the restrictions against them in order to earn what they deserved; freedom. Mandela never stopped helping people achieve equal rights. Gandhi saw people were being mistreated so he took action by boycotting. Both men fought hard to earn the rights that people sill currently have today. In the 1960s, one of Sharpeville’s leaders, Nelson Mandela was put in prisonRead MoreNelson Mandela: The Living Legend1089 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Speech 101 5 November 2013 Informative Speech: Nelson Mandela: The Living Legend Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about Nelson Mandela and his achievement and positive impact on Africa and the world. Central Idea: Nelson Mandela’s struggle and achievement in South Africa and around the world. Introduction: Attention Getter: Take a moment and think this situation. You are young and ambitious. Your dream is to free your people and your country. You decided to protest anyway againstRead More`` Tree Shaker : The Life Of Nelson Mandela, By Bill Keller1143 Words   |  5 Pagescentury Nelson Mandela, was anti-apartheid activist and was the first South African president to be elected in a completely representative democratic election. However, Mandela’s journey to that point is really what would define him. Nelson Mandela would devote the majority of his life constantly challenging the systems of his country in order to reach the Africa he had in mind. His legacy has inspired millions and has left a major impact on society. The book â€Å"Tree Shaker: The Life of Nelson MandelaRead Morenelson mandela is my hero1351 Words   |  6 PagesNelson Mandela Nelson Mandela, a true hero in this controversial world or just another politician? Was his 27 years of imprisonment for standing up against his nations government, which did not support human rights, equality and world poverty, something the country of Africa should be proud about? As disappointing as it might seem, the answer is a straight and simple, no. Nelson Mandela, my hero, the man that everyone knows, that conquered black domination in Africa, that healed his countriesRead More How Nelson Mandela used Rugby to unify South Africa Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pagesspending twenty-seven years in prison, Nelson Mandela was released from prison on February 11, 1990. In 1991, Nelson Mandela was chosen to become president of the African National Congress. In 1993, Mandela and South African President F.W. de Klerk announced an agreement that the African National Congress and the National Party form a transitional government, effectively ending apartheid and opening the political proce ss to all South Africans (Williamson). Mandela was elected President of South AfricaRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pagestempted to conclude that events in history have always evolved around human rights race relationships and power. In this paper, I will focus on the themes of racism, human rights, and power and how history makers such as Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, and Mahatma Gandhi (just to name these few) helped to redress them to an extent and how theirs efforts shape contemporary events. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on 15 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia and is one of the most remembered Human RightsRead MoreThe Transformational Leader1099 Words   |  5 Pagesperformance. Transformational leaders have to believe they can have a positive impact on others and use their actions to convince others that they can be leaders too. Nelson Mandela died this week at age ninety-five and he left a legacy as one of the most important leaders in modern history.Throughout Nelson Mandela’s life, â€Å"many of his defining moments involved acts of compromise, pragmatism and reconciliation† (Myre, 2013). Nelson Mandela used different opportunities to reach out to people who were not

Social Network Service and Facebook Account Free Essays

Ashley Ontiberos Amy Becker Eng103 Composition II November 17, 2011 The Facebook Addiction Did you know that approximately one in every thirteen people in the world have a Facebook account, according to Digitalbuzzblog. com. In 2010, Facebook was the most-searched term on the internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Network Service and Facebook Account or any similar topic only for you Order Now With these statistics, I was surprised to learn that there is a disorder known as the Facebook Addiction Disorder or FADS. I didn’t realize Facebook was such a big problem until I began my research. With all the craze of Facebook or social networking, one can’t help but wonder what the ill effects of it really are. Today, In this cause and effect essay I want to inform you about how Facebook can have many negative effects on your job, free time and health. According to research done by Oregonbusinessreport. com, forty-five percent of employers screen social networks such as Facebook, before considering potential employees. This was research conducted in 2009. I am certain that the numbers have risen because of the number of people who regularly sign up as members of Facebook. When employers screen photos and posts they are looking for any kind or provocative and inappropriate photos. Additionally, bad-mouthing previous employers, poor communications skills is also another thing they look for before considering applicants for an interview or employment. Furthermore, even after a job has been granted, employers can still monitor their employee’s Facebook account. A recent example is of a New Jersey first grade teacher who lost her job over a post on Facebook. On March 28th, the teacher posted a status saying, â€Å"I’m not a teacher, I’m a warden for future criminals. † The status was forwarded to her school board and a judge ruled that she should lose her job because this comment was inexcusable. More people have lost their jobs over Facebook usage in recent years because most employers ban the use of Facebook at work. According to Royalgazetteonline. com, one third of employers say that Facebook is a major distraction at work. Most employers don’t block the site but it is a rule that employees are not allowed on social networking sites while clocked in to work. Based on research as indicated in this essay, Facebook has lots of negatives effects for employees if they choose not to control what they say. Forty-eight percent of Facebook users between the ages of eighteen and thirty-four, check their Facebook’s as their first priority each morning. About twenty-eight percent of that number, check it from their smartphones before getting out of bed, according to Digitalbuzzblog. com. According to Addictioninfo. org, Rob Bedi, a registered psychologist and assistant professor at the University of Victoria says, â€Å"There is a difference between procrastination and addiction, if you’re losing assignment time to Facebook use then it’s a problem. Facebook has become such an addiction to people that there are 155 Facebook Addicts anonymous groups on Facebook alone according to Addictioninfo. org. Hubspage. com also gives a list for people to read through that shows symptoms of Facebook addictions. Spending large amounts of time on Facebook is not what you would consider a â€Å"part-time hobby†. Many people are losing out on a lot of free time that could be use d more productively. People who are Facebook addicts choose not to go to the gym. Also they spend less and less time with family and friends to be on Facebook. Facebook addicts can definitely own up to lots of the examples given and have a very difficult time deciding when to log out. â€Å"Is Facebook turning teens into narcissistic, antisocial outcast? †, was a question asked in an article on CBSnews. com. A leading social network researcher, Dr. Larry D. Rosen, responds with a yes to the question. He believes that kids can develop greater empathy and it provides ways for shy kids to socialize but it also causes mental health problems. According to Dr. Rosen, teens who use Facebook show more aggression, mania, anxiety and depression. With these issues already occurring, it can lead to more serious health problems. Young people are turning down opportunities to socialize with their friends at the movies, malls and other hang outs. Instead they choose to hang out online. Recent health studies have also linked Facebook usage to Cancer. According to Dailymail. co. uk, Facebook can increase the risk of serious health problem by reducing the number of face-to face contact people have with people. The way in which Facebook users isolate hemselves from society can alter the way genes work, upset immune response, hormone levels, the function of arteries, and also impair mental performance, according to Dr. Aric Sigman. With these serious alterations, it could lead to more people getting cancer, heart disease, having a stroke or even developing dementia. I have informed you about some of the negative effects that Facebook can have on a person’s job, free time and health. It is so easy to access Facebook with smartph ones or laptops which offer internet usage almost anywhere. Facebook has invaded our lives in an unimaginable and unexpected way. When deciding whether or not to log into Facebook perhaps it would be a good idea to think more productive things you could do. Work Cited Associated Press. â€Å"Teacher should be fired over Facebook ‘warden’ post, judge rules . † Chicago Sun Times 08 11 2011. Chicago Sun-Times. 09 11 2011. Associated Press. 11/17/2011 http://www. suntimes. com/news/nation/8698139-418/teacher-should be-fired-over-facebook-warden-post-judge-rules. html. Daily Mail Reporter. How using Facebook could raise your risk of cancer. 02/19/2009 Mail Online. 11/17/11 http://www. dailymail. co. k/health/article-1149207/How-usingFacebook-raise-risk-cancer. html. Digital Buzz Blog. Facebook Statistics, Stats Facts For 2011 . 01/18/2001. 11/17/2011 http://www. digitalbuzzblog. com/facebook-statistics-stats-facts-2011/. Grasz, Jennifer. 45% Employers use Facebook-Twitter to screen job candidates. 08/24/09 Oregon Business Report. 11/17/2001 http://oregonbusinessreport. com/2009/08/45-employers-u se-facebook-twitter to-screen-job-candidates/. Hubs, Pages. Negative Effects of Facebook Addiction. 2011 HubsPages. 11/17/2011 http://thurs. hubpages. om/hub/Negative-Effects-of-Facebook-Addiction. Jaslow, Ryan. Facebook tied to poor mental health in teens: What parents must know. 08/09/11 CBS News. 11/17/11 http://www. cbsnews. com/8301-504763_162 20090061-10391704. html. Pope, Danielle. Potential Facebook addiction. 01/28/2008 AddictionInfo. org. 11/17/11 http://www. addictioninfo. org/articles/2171/1/Potential-Facebook addiction/Page1. html. Royal Gazette Online. It’s official: Facebook is a major distraction at work. 06/28/11 Royal Gazette Online. 11/17/2011 http://www. royalgazette. com/article/20110628/BUSINESS05/706289929/-1. How to cite Social Network Service and Facebook Account, Papers

Policy and Legislation

Question: Write an essay on Influencing Policy and Legislation. Answer: Introduction In the human service sector, the word policy is slippery in nature at least to some extent. The word or the term policy refers to those authoritative decisions that are being made by both the government and the non-government organization (Writing Policy Proposal. 2016). The government as well as the non-government agencies come up with new set of policies because the policies help the organizations, in achieving their intention. The government policies have huge amount of impact on the lives of the citizen and things like housing and employment of the people, are affected by the government policies that are there in Australia. The government policies in Australia, has a great influence on the social works that are being carried out in the country. Most of the social work agencies carry out their work with the help of the funds that are being provided by the government sector. The local policies that help in providing shape to the scope and the process of service delivery is influenced by the social work at the same time. Social work services, actually, provide shape to the local agency policies. Identification of organisation, group or individual In Australia, people who suffer from disability had to encounter human rights violation almost at a daily basis. There is more than one form of human rights violation, to which the people with disability are subject to (Disability Care and Support - Productivity Commission. 2016). The human rights violation that the people with disability encounter, takes place, because there is the lack of both the legislation and the policies. Thus, they do not receive the amounts of protection that they may have received, and thus they face the problem of discrimination and inequality. There are certain incidents, which took place in the year 2011, which distinctly show the inequalities that are there in the country. The incidents include denial of medical as well as the life-sustaining treatment to the people with disability. It also includes crimes such as rape, and assault, where the lack of legislation and policies allow people with disability, to be the victims of such crimes. The lack of legislation also gives rise to problems like the children being removed from their parents because most of the people equate disability with things like lack of parenting (Fulcher, 2015). Among the number of unemployment that is there in Australia, the people with disability, accounts for the most of the part of the unemployment that is there in Australia. The payment recipients of the full time workers, who have some disability, also face the problem of inequality that is there in the society. Nature, scale and significance of the problem It is true that every person in an Australian community has the right to be treated with dignity but this particular fact is such a fact that has turned out to be false in certain cases. In Australia, many people are suffering from disability, they, and their family and even the caregivers face and at the same time experience disadvantages. Australia has a national ideal and that is fair go, this particular ideal is negated or turned out to be an imperfect ideal, for the people living with disabilities. People, who do not have the first hand experience of disability, do not really want to think that the problem of disability is not their own problem. The problem of disability is the problem that is being faced by the other, and thus it is the problem of the other people. Unfortunately according to different official reports in Australia the people with disabilities are the forgotten people in Australia (National Disability Strategy | Department of Social Services, Australian Government. 2015). Australia is one of the wealthiest countries in the world but the people with disabilities; living in Australia has to fight for some of the necessities. Some of these are the right to live and the right to work. The families and the caregivers of the disable people living in Australia, although, are not only resourceful but at the same time, they are innovative in nature in as well (Wing Young Man, Llewellyn Wade, 2014). Therefore, these people could easily fight the challenges that they me Analysis of the problem It is true that the problem that the people with disabilities are facing in Australia is such a problem that requires not only the sympathy of the people but at the same time support from the government and the non government levels (20102020 National Disability Strategy. 2016). The National Disability Strategy 2010-2020 is such a strategy that helps in moving a step towards improving the life of the people in Australia. The particular policy is a ten year national policy framework, which had being designed in such a way that it will help in improving the life of the people with disability (Hollinsworth, 2013). The particular policy tries to represent the commitment not only at the government level but at the same time at the industrial as well as in the community also. The particular policy or the approach would help the people with disability, or the disable people, to face these challenges in the present day as well as in the future. Previously people with disabilities used to shut them in, and thus most of the time the problem faced by them remain unresolved. The things changes with the introduction of the National Disability Strategy 2010-2020, because, today not only the disable people and their families or their care givers have come out and expressed their problems. According to one of the reports of the National Disability Strategy 2010-2020, the people, with disabilities, and their families most of the time experience marginalization (SHUT OUT: The Experience of People with Disabilities and their Families in Australia | Department of Social Services, Australian Government. 2012). The particular framework requires social inclusion framework, which underlies all the programs and the policies. Identification and evaluation of options Pros The National Disability Strategy 2010-2020 framework, include the policy that allows the people with the disability with the right to get acceptance and awareness (section Violations, 2016). The particular policy is effective for reducing the discrimination that is there in the society. The framework encourages in the emergence of those policies that help in removing the societal barriers, so that the people with disability could participate equally with the normal citizens in the country. The particular framework encourages the emergence of those policies that help the people with disability to have an access to the justice. Thus, people could be a part of the legal proceedings at the same time (Recommendations for the 2012 - 13 Federal Budget | ACOSS Paper 179. 2012). Disable people often face violence, exploitation and neglect and thus the particular framework encourages that policy that helps in protecting the people with disability. The people facing heightened vulnerable problems and the disable people with complex needs could find help from the strategy framework, because it encourages such type of legal policies (Walbank Hill, 2014). The particular strategy framework helps in bringing a change in the mainstream services as well as the programs. The framework will bring about a change in the community infrastructure at the same time. Cons The particular framework has encouraged the social inclusion of the disable people in the society but these particular inclusions have the segregation of both the economic and the social factors. Thus, this thing is a drawback to this particular framework, because there is difference between closing the doors and making changes in the policies. Thus, this drawback, of this particular framework, requires improvement and changes, for the better working of the society. Moreover, the women with disability have to face huge amount of discrimination, and the National Disability Strategy has not addressed this particular thing properly. The graph here shows that the women with disability have little access to the higher education in Australia. Thus, the National Disability Strategy 2010-2020, should improve in this particular area. They should work more in this area and encourage the women with disability to be a part of the society. Implications Financial The particular framework helps in providing economic security to not only to the people with disabilities but at the same time, it helps in providing economic security to their family and also to the caregivers. The particular framework provides financial independence to the people with disabilities, along with job and business opportunities. Apart from all these things, adequate income support is provided to those who could not carry out any kind of work and along with everything; this particular policy helps in providing housing support to the people as well. Therefore, these are the main financial implication of this particular framework in Australia. Political The people with disability have to face lots of discrimination the introduction of this particular framework has helped in removing this particular discrimination that is there in the society. The anti-discrimination measures that are there in the society helps in removing that discrimination. The justice and the legislation in the particular framework are structured in such a way that it is not at all difficult for the people with disability to seek protection. Organisational The organizational centres such as the educational centres that are there in the country help in providing early childhood education as well as care to the people (Brett, 2016). Apart from the early childhood education, the people with disability are being provided with the vocational training and at the same time skills regarding any kind of employment should be developed among the individual at the same time. Apart from all these things, life-long learning is being provided to the The health care organizations too, provide support to the people with disabilities. The health care organizations organize programs for the improvement of the health promotion and at the same time it helps in developing an interaction between the disability system and the health care organization. Therefore, previously, the disabled people are not provided with the adequate healthcare support, today things have changed and the health care implication helps in proving that explicitly. Thus, these are the o rganizational implication of this particular framework and the implication shows that this framework has brought lots of changes in the society. Technical The technical implication includes the improvement of the physical environment that is there in Australia. It include the improvement of the public transport as well as the improvements of the basic amnesties that are there for them which, include the pars and the housing as well as the buildings that are there within the country. The technical implication also includes accessing the digital information as well as the communication technologies. It also means that there is the improvement of both in the civic and the cultural as well as the sporting life of the people with disability. Conclusions The lives of the people with disability require certain changes and the transformation and that changes and the transformation is only possible in a society. The legislative policies from the part of the government are the way or rather a step towards including the disable people in the society. The disable people want to have their rights recognized by both the society and the community. The disable people have some of the basic requirements, which include the right to live work, and the right to access the good and the better health care services. They want to participate in the activities in the community and they want that their family and friends to not face any challenges and difficulty in the society. Thus, the things that they require include a particular framework that will help in the development of the policies. The development of the policies will actually, help the people with disability to enjoy these basic rights. It can thus be concluded by saying that the government policies are required for the improvement of the living condition of the disable people and the society, but these are not the only thing. Along with this particular thing, another thing that is required is the support from the society and the community as well, because it is not possible for the government to carry on their work in isolation. Recommendations The proper development as well as the working of the policies is only possible if there is the regular monitoring and the evaluation of the framework that is there. The regular evaluation of the framework will help identifying the drawbacks that are there and accordingly changes could be brought in the whole structure as well as in the whole framework. Initiatives should be taken to help the people to understand the problem so that the people living in the community do not encourage discrimination in any way. Therefore, proper measures should be taken to spread awareness, along with developing policies for protecting the people with disability. References 20102020 National Disability Strategy. (2016). Retrieved 13 June 2016, from Brett, M. (2016). Disability and Australian higher education: Policy drivers for increasing participation. In Student Equity in Australian Higher Education (pp. 87-108). Springer Singapore. Disability Care and Support - Productivity Commission. (2016). Pc.gov.au. Retrieved 13 June 2016, from Fulcher, G. (2015). Disabling policies?: A comparative approach to education policy and disability. Routledge. Hollinsworth, D. (2013). Decolonizing indigenous disability in Australia. Disability Society, 28(5), 601-615. National Disability Strategy | Department of Social Services, Australian Government. (2015). Dss.gov.au. Retrieved 13 June 2016, from Recommendations for the 2012 - 13 Federal Budget | ACOSS Paper 179. (2012). www.acoss.org.au. Retrieved 13 June 2016, from section, S. Violations, H. (2016). Human Rights Violations. Pwd.org.au. Retrieved 13 June 2016, from https://www.pwd.org.au/student-section/human-rights-violations.html SHUT OUT: The Experience of People with Disabilities and their Families in Australia | Department of Social Services, Australian Government. (2012). Dss.gov.au. Retrieved 13 June 2016, from Walbank, S., Hill, C. (2014). Submission Title: Submission to the National Disability Service The Place for Block Funding in the NDIS Policy Paper Date: January 2014. Wing Young Man, N., Llewellyn, G., Wade, C. (2014). Estimated prevalence and living circumstances of parents with intellectual disability in Australia from selected national surveys. Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney. Writing Policy Proposal. (2016) (1st ed.).

Smiling at the Simplicity of It free essay sample

I walk to the center of the stage, the microphone stand a mere three inches from my mouth, taking the plastic between my fingers as the piano starts playing. I take a deep breath, tapping my foot to the beat, smiling to myself as I sing the first verse. I lose myself, forgetting for the slightest second that there are people in front of me listening to everything that comes out of my mouth. I’m in my own little world, singing solely for the pleasure that comes with expressing myself, never mind that people are actually watching me. Before I realize what’s happening, the piano stops playing and the crowd is applauding. I smile, look down to the first row, and lock eyes with this little girl about six or seven years old, standing in front of her seat clapping up at me. I can’t help but stare. We will write a custom essay sample on Smiling at the Simplicity of It or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She looks more like me than anyone I’ve ever seen. She has the same dimples. The same brown hair down to the middle of her back. She’s jumping from foot to foot like I always used to do, her eyes somehow finding a way to watch everything in the auditorium at the same time. And I remember when I was that little. When I was learning how to do addition and how to write and how to sing. And then the stage transforms around me. I’m back in this classroom with at least twenty-five other people, all first-graders except the man standing in the front of the room. I watch from the back as little me rushes to the magic carpet with all the other kids and sits somewhere in the middle of the only bench, around the exact same spot where I used to sit. The man presses the play button and the music starts, Phil Collins’s voice being over taken by the chorus of six year olds. I hear one voice in particular that I’ve come well acquainted with, one that I’ve come to love. And I can’t help but smile at where it all started. At how the simplicity of karaoke used to be enough. The song ends and the singing stops, the room fading more and more back into a stage every time I blink. I look back to the front row, but the little girl is leaving, walking away hand in hand with her mother who looks nothing like mine, her small back to me, practically running just to keep up. I walk to the edge of the stage and sit down, resting on my hands as the doors swing shut behind the last member of the audience, slamming the way they always have. I take a deep breath and smile, biting my lip as I remember the rush that came with singing. And the serenity that followed it. I run my fingers through my hair and push myself up from the floor, walking back towards the center of the stage, next to the microphone instead of behind it. I put my hands into my back pockets and sing as loud as my lungs will let me, my voice reaching the back of the auditorium with little-to-no effort. When I get to the final verse I stop singing and listen as the room becomes silent once again, smiling at the simplicity of it.

Car Design from 1950

Car Design from 1950 Introduction Car design is a way of making both outside and inside of an automobile in a style, which integrates shape of the car with its mechanical ability. Automotive design involves vehicle development in the way it appears which includes its ergonomics. The design elements are usually divided into three important areas: one is the exterior design, which involves the design in the proportion, shape and how the texture of the surface of the vehicle will look like. This design is done first through making drawings either manually or electronically.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Car Design from 1950-2000 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Then there is the development of clay or digital model. The other aspect is in interior design which defines where parts such as doors, and seats, among others, are placed. This aspect emphasizes mainly on the ergonomics and the passengers comfort. It goes through the same procedur e as the exterior design of sketching, then designing the digital and the clay model. The last aspect in design is usually focused on trims along with its color. To achieve this, extensive research and development is usually involved. Discussion 1950s Cars Design The early 1950s gave rise to chrome on cars and stylists who influenced by ideas from planes and trains designed many automobiles. The 1950s saw emergence of the tail fin courtesy of Harley Earl who worked on aeronautical designs. The tail fin era was between 1957 and 1960. The tail fin and chrome were most regarded as the design, which gave some of the outlandish cars ever designed in this era. Another revelation came in 1955, when Ford designed its model, which they named Ford Thunderbird. It was quite complex with rear exhaust, windshield, and front grill with fixed turbines (Hulbert, 2010). Ford Thunderbird Convertible 1955 Source: Anythingaboutcars.com.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chrysler’s group designer by the name Virgil Exner was notable with his different style of cab forward also known as the Forward Look. An example of the Forward look design is a 1956 Plymouth Fury, as is shown in the picture below (Bell, 2003, p. 12). 1956 Plymouth Fury Source: Anythingaboutcars.com. General motor’s Harley Earl and Virgil Exner turned out to be very influential in this era. They competed with one another with tail fins that are more elaborate. Earl saw this as a ploy to marketing while Exner believed the fins helped the car while on the road. These fins were later on utilized to control cars in great speeds. In 1957, there was a new design called the Chevrolet Bel Air as shown in the picture below, which gives the extent to which the designers were willing to go (Hulbert, 2010). 1957 Chevrolet Bel AirAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Car Design from 1950-2000 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Source: Anythingaboutcars.com. In 1959, the previous designs were replaced with the Cadillac Series 62. This design was fitted with fins that were over 1ft high, and it had bullet lenses at the rearwards. This was regarded as a design icon and rates highly among all time American classics (Jain, 2004, p. 2). 1959 Cadillac Series 62 Source: Anythingaboutcars.com. The above picture shows the design of a tail fin 1959 Cadillac automobile which came up at the height of the tail fin era. Earl later came up with iconic designs together with his group to create such designs as Auburn 851, among others. Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Auburn 851 Source: Anythingaboutcars.com. In 1959 saw a new design of Cadillac Cyclone, which was a fantasy of a rocket like, it, had a wheelbase of about 104 inches. It had an independent suspension and a top of clear plastic. It was coated inside using vaporized silver that it can resist sunrays and had electric sliding doors. 1959 Cadillac Cyclone Source: Anythingaboutcars.com. 1960s During this era, focus was shifted to vehicle speeds and acceleration as well as engine size. The designs that were available included Ford Mustang, Chevrolet Camaro, and Dodge Charger. These designs were fitted with vents all over which had no purpose at all but for just mere appearance. The Dodge Charger had a fuel tank capacity of 7.2 liters. Chevrolet Source: Raizman Chevrolet Camaro Source: Anythingaboutcars.com. Ford Mustang In this same era, there was consolidating into the big three of General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler together with American Motors. These firms dominated both the global m arket and the domestic market. In 1961, General Motors introduced three models. One was the Oldsmobile Fs of the cars of this era include BMW M1, De Tomaso Pantera, Lamborghini Countach, and Lotus Esprit. The 1970s ushered in an interesting design, in angular box lines, which became a trait in style. This was again copied over into the 1980s. DeTomaso Pantera Source: Raizman. 1980s Cars Design The 1980s decade came with a trend of over indulgence, and the cars produced during this era were overpriced. It also witnessed the effects of materialism in that style was outdated, as most of the people wanted the expensive cars. The cars that were available at this time were the likes of Audi Quattro. Though it looked purposeful and powerful, it had no style and was not beautiful in shape. Another model was the Ferrari Testarossa, which was quite unfamiliar from the traditional Ferrari lines. Among the easily recognizable inclusions in designs of 1980s was incorporation of a hot hatch. In line with this, cars like Peugeot 205 along with Volkswagen Golf, which are both GTis started penetrating the market and were popular with the product named above (hot hatch) (Diseno-art., 2011, p. 1). Peugeot 205 GTi Source: Diseno-art.com. 1990s Cars Design The effects of the styling traits from the 1980s extended to some part of the early 1990s. Later on some interesting shapes began to come up which were very organic with appearance looking much powerful like the Dodge Viper. The Dodge Viper was made in a more look of an animal than a machine. In 1992, an Italian design house called Ghia extended the organic form to another level with shapes covering the car. The front face of this car model looked like a prehistoric animal. In 1995, another design came in Ford GT90; this design was clearly the reverse of Viper. This new model utilized edge design as its policy to create new model (Anythingaboutcars, 2011, p. 1). Dodge Viper GTS Source: Raizman. What the major point that chang e from the car design from 1950-2000 1950s The main changes in car design covered areas such as fuel efficiency and output of the engine. In 1950s, major changes that took place in car designs included jet designs, among others. This design made cars quite fascinating. 1960s This era saw the introduction of basic wedge profile. Later on, the engines of these cars were transversely mounted, and their bodies designed to support structural loads. 1970s This period saw introduction of a utility that combined luxury along with capability of four-wheel drive. Another additional change was the inclusion of electronic anti-lock braking system. This era had the most changes as it also saw design of restraint airbags, seatbelts, and traction control systems. In addition, the era also saw inclusion of computerized engine system. 1980s This era brought about the introduction of front-wheel drive cars along with compact cars, which had the advantage of being efficient in fuel consumption. This p eriod also saw the introduction of the two-box minivan design in 1983. 1990s This decade was quite memorable with the introduction of designs with hatchbacks. car bodies were designed to incorporate passengers as well as cargo. Explain how material culture has been designed and used as relational media on car development 1950-2000 Automobiles play an important role in life since they ease travelling; their introduction opened opportunities for people to transport goods and services. Development in car designs also encouraged subjective democracy since people could go to their places of choice. Moreover, Car development brought about power, style, and a way of identifying each other’s taste and style in society. Automobiles were much friendlier to the environment and were cleaner because it eliminated the animal waste in the streets (Raizman, 2003). Influence of car designs between 1950 and 2000 on political, economic, and social as well as culture climates Political Developme nt of automobiles has contributed greatly towards political change. This is due to increase in individualism and reduction of social interactions amongst people from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. In addition, automobiles manufacturers urged governments to construct roads and conservatives have become more interested in promoting improvements in automobile industry (Raizman, 2003). Economic Developments in car designs have greatly influenced spreading of employment opportunities and planning of the city, among others. In addition, it has minimized rate at which people walk to work and use of railroads. Another area that has greatly benefited is infrastructure; this is evident in the increased number of good roads all over the world (Logix Microsystems Ltd., 2011). Social Social changes brought about by the effects of development in automobile industry include disconnection between communities due to reduced pedestrian-village interaction. It also brought less communication among st neighbors because they rarely walk unless it is for exercise reasons. Culture The developments of automobiles brought about ease in travelling from one place to another since it was more affordable and convenient. This was mainly in areas not accessed by railways. Another change brought about by automobile development is that it made people keener while walking across the streets. This growth also led to outward expansion of cities and development of suburbs. In addition, it encouraged people to live in less expensive areas, which are far from the city and encouraged interactions in neighborhoods. Another cultural change is in incorporation of automobiles in all aspects of life. These range from books to music as well as movies (Logix Microsystems Ltd., 2011). Which mutations of styles and idioms morphed and ensued The styles that are usually used in car design are quite varying and distinct in style of body design and its classification is not huge. The most common styles used a re four-wheel drive vehicle, which are designed in such a way that all the wheels receive engine power at the same time. Another style is called the convertible design, which has a folding roof that allows for an open roof while driving. Thirdly, there is the station wagon design, which has same height from both sides. Conclusion For the past few years, car designers have engaged in designing products for ideas. A smart car is one that can get instructions from a user and execute the information by itself. An example would be a smart car. There are two elements involved in car design; these include ensuring a balance in ergonomics as well as aesthetics. Car design is a field, which keeps on changing and can never be said to be predictable (Anything about cars, 2011, p. 1). Smart Car Source: Diseno-art.com. References Anythingaboutcars. (2011). The Fabulous 1950s Cars Here is Their Story. Anythingaboutcars.com. Retrieved from: anythingaboutcars.com/1950scars.html Bell, J. (2003). C oncept of Car Design: Driving the Dream. Rotovision. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/search?q=Bell%2C+Jonathan+%282003%29ie=utf-8oe=utf-8aq=trls=org.mozilla:en-US:officialclient=firefox-a Diseno-art. (2011). From Concept Cars to Power Boats: Car Design History a brief overview. Diseno-art.com. Retrieved from: diseno-art.com/car_design_history.html Hulbert, L. (2010). Car Design: Car Designs of the 1950s. eHow.com. Retrieved from: ehow.com/list_7319746_car-designs-1950s.html Jain, S. L. (2004). Dangerous Instrumentality: The Bystander as Subject in Automobility. Cultural Anthropology 19 (1): 61–94. Retrieved from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/can.2004.19.1.61/abstract Logix Microsystems Ltd. (2011). Car Designs: 1950-2009. carazoo.com. Retrieved from: carazoo.com/article/1410200901/Car-Designs:-1950-2009 Raizman, D. (2003). History of Modern Design. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Art.

Descriptive Statistics and Clinical Significance Essay

Descriptive Statistics and Clinical Significance - Essay Example From the statistics reported, it is possible to get an idea of the composition of the group that was being studied. Since the participants were not randomly chosen, but had volunteered to be a part of the group; the demographic make-up of the group can tell us about the kind of individuals who would choose to experience such training in the use if research; and about the general demographic makeup of the population from which this group has come. From the mean scores on the subtests, it is possible to get an idea of the direction of the difference. The studied hoped that post-test scores would be higher in all areas; and looking at the means tells us that the data does follow the expected direction. Of course, it is not possible to extrapolate to the population of nurses just on the basis of mean scores; but the direction of difference is also a very important aspect. Descriptive statistics can be used to understand the trends in patient needs or in nurses' abilities as they reveal themselves. A nurse leader can use these trends to anticipate needs in the near future; and detect any anomalies. Such information can also be used in identifying training needs of staff; or any other resources that they may be able to use to enhance their functioning. While research –whether in the utility of therapeutic procedures or in the need for training – cannot be based on descriptive statistics alone; often the impetus for research does come through the observation of the trends displayed in descriptive statistics. It is possible to use percentages and means to understand the ups and downs in hospital work and to simplify information when presenting it to others. Mean scores are best when used in conjunction with the standard deviations; since they can be deceptive by themselves. References: Guilford J. P. and Fruchter B. (1985). Fundamental Stati stics in Psychology and Education (6th ed) McGraw – Hill Levin, J. & Fox, J. A. (2006). Elementary statistics in social research. Delhi: Pearson Education Confidence Intervals Explore these issues on the Internet and through other resources. Share what you find out on these topics: Confidence Intervals: Why are they useful in helping to determine clinical significance? There are many controversies surrounding the issue of clinical significance vs. statistical significance. Identify one of them and summarize it. Finish with your opinion about the controversy. Confidence intervals define the likelihood of the research findings being replicable in the population. Confidence intervals can also be used to distinguish the extent of benefit or harm that a particular therapeutic technique is likely to have given a set of conditions. Clinical significance is the extent to which the results of the study are truly applicable and not just statistically significant. Often, even statistica lly significant effects are quite small in magnitude. In medicine and related fields; a regularly occurring effect is not enough; it needs to be of the required magnitude consistently. Clinical significance helps us evaluate the possibility that the said effect is not only most likely to occur; but is most

Toxicology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Toxicology - Case Study Example These are antibiotics, miticides and neonicotinoid pesticides. This paper analyzes these three classes of chemicals. Neonicotinoids, commonly referred to as neonics, are a rather new variety of pesticides, having been manufactured and marketed for the last twenty or so years. Neonics are systemic pesticides(Hopwood, Vaughan and Shepherd 3). Contrary to contact pesticides that remain on the surface of the plant, systemics are absorbed by the plant and moved to all the tissues of the plant. Neonics can be sprayed at the root of a plant or sprayed onto its foliage. Once applied, neonics remain active for many weeks, protecting the plant throughout the season. Several neonics are sold for application to lawns, pot plants and crops raised in a greenhouse. A miticide, also known as acaricide, is any chemical substance used to control ticks and mites that are not affected by regular pesticides. Miticides are specifically designed to destroy those species of ticks and mites that damage food crops and ornamental plants(Burley 5). Some of the most commonly used miticides include tetradifon, azobenzene and dicofol. Most miticides are designed to kill the eggs and larvae of pests, but some also kill adult pests. Some miticides are known to be poisonous to honeybees and other useful insects. Despite knowledge of this adverse effect of miticides on honeybees, these substances continue to be manufactured and applied to crops widely in the country. An antibiotic is defined as a molecule or an agent that either kills or interferes with the growth of a living thing that is too tiny for the naked eye, also called a microorganism(Hawthorne and Dively 26). These microorganisms include both fungi and bacteria. Selman Waksman first coined the term in 1942 in their journal articles. They used the term to describe any substance that a microorganism produces and inhibits the growth of other microorganisms. "Bactericidal" antibiotics kill bacteria

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 114

Case Study Example It specializes in the manufacturing of new glass products. This has contributed to the company’s outstanding reputation in the glass and ceramics markets over the years. This corporation has eight line divisions one of them being the Electronic Product Division (EPD) which focuses on the production of electronic resistors and capacitors. Under the leadership of Don Rogers, who is the Vice President and general manager of the division, EPD’s performance has steadily improved despite its decline in 1991 and 1992. One significant achievement of this unit is that it successfully managed to distribute its products to Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) due to its research and development strength. This factor opened new opportunities for the division that contributed to its growth. The growing market of the telecommunications industry is another factor that has led to the division’s growth because it has provided a ready market for products. EPD has been able to maintain competitive advantage because of its ability to respond to customers’ needs by introducing new products that are of high quality. There are various risks the division has been forced to take due to the uncertain business environment (Robertson & Caldart, 2009). The division’s leadership has further steered it to a higher level. Joe Bennett, for instance, used his management style to influence positively organizational behavior. His leadership led to group effectiveness and inter-functional coordination. Rogers, on the other hand, made sure the organization employed professional employees. The company’s success has however not gone without challenges. For example, it reached a point when EPD experienced a lack of growth. Their dollar volume dropped because of price cuts. This forced the management to reduce costs so as to maintain the gross margin. Despite these efforts the gross margin still reduced. As a result, the sales and marketing departments were blamed. The

Johnson and johnson

Johnson and johnson a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Executive Summary Johnson and Johnson company has planned a new product lounge in the market specifically for Pakistan where a big number of peoples having not enough awareness of bacterial and germs infection. The product named as Pak antibacterial soap is designed that provides quick, easy and effective hand washing. Proper hand washing is the most effective preventative measure available to combat communicable diseases. Skin problems are common for people of all ages. Whether you suffer with a rash, itchy skin, skin fungus or infection, skin bumps, or skin tags. Improper handwashing. The Market Through analysed facts and figures Johnson and Johnsons Pak antibacterial soap is wide market such as mothers, children and employees. The target market has population of more than 160 million in which 68% of people are not properly wash their hands before eating. People of the country are not much aware about the bacterial infections. So JJ planned an attractive marketing strategy which will educate the people and provide healthy life in their own hands. Based on detailed financial projections,JJwill require22 million Pakistani Rupees and will generatepositive cash flowin first quarter, Year 1. Sales Forecast b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction 1.a  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Background: Johnson and Johnson (JJ) is a global pharmaceutical product company. This company is a well known organization. The company started its first production in 1886 and after one year in 1987 it is incorporated. The company headquarter is in New Brunswick located at prime location. b.b  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  History: The company Johnson n Johnson was found in 1886 (around 120 years ago) on a revolutionary idea by Robert Wood Johnson, James Wood Johnson and Edward Mead Johnson when doctors and nurses started to using bandages and dressing, sterile suture for treating wounded peoples. The company has maintained friendly environment and very keen in health and safety from the beginning, they first time used non-polycarbonate containers instead of plastic bottles. JJ uses a largest solar power generator as a member of Green House for keeping the environment. b.c  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Corporate chairmanship of the Company v Robert Wood Johnson I 1887-1910 v James Wood Johnson 1910-1932 v Robert Wood Johnson II 1932-1963 v Philip B. Hofmann 1963-1973 v Richard B. Sellars 1973-1976 v James E. Burke 1976-1989 v Ralph S. Larsen 1989-2002 v William C. Weldon 2002- b.d  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Corporate Governance: Board of directors of Johnson Johnson are listed below: Mary Sue Coleman, James G. Cullen, Dominic Caruso, Michael M.E. Johns, Ann Dibble Jordan, Arnold G. Langbo, Susan L. Lindquist, Leo F. Mullin, Christine A. Poon, Steven S. Reinemund, David Satcher, and William C. Weldon. http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson In the first period of their development during 1886 to 1926 they got success to establish a company in New Brunswick and they focused on sterile surgical dressing to save the lives of patients. They participate in saving peoples lives in1906 Francisco disaster. Their global expansion began in 1919 from Canada and 1924 from England. During Their 2nd period of product lines expansion been b.e  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company Structure: JJ is with several business segments in all around the world with 250 companies in 57 countries. The companies are concerning with following particular areas: Consumer Health Care Medical Devices and Diagnostics Pharmaceuticals Products of JJ: Medical Devices and Diagnostics: JJ is helping hospitals with the technologies to restore the joys of precious life of human being who are suffering with diseases and chronic conditions all around the world. They are providing more than 20 kind of technological devices including Orthopedics, Implants, Joint Replacements, Sports Medicins, Heart and Vascular Diseases etc. b.f  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consumer Products: For improving the quality of every day life the consumer companies of JJ target the baby care, skin and hair care, oral care, nutritional, pain relief, topical care and much more. Their vision is very clear and the companys slogan is BRINGING SCIENCE TO THE ART OF HEALTHY LIVINGâ„ ¢. b.g  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Pharmaceutical segment: Johnson Johnson invested over $5 billion in 2008 on RD. This investments majority was in five therapeutic areas where the Pharmaceutical segment is strategically focused and where there continues to be significant unmet medical need. Following areas are included: cardiovascular disease and metabolism, neuroscience (including pain); infectious disease, immunology and oncology. b.h  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recent Products: J J is continue to providing healthier life to their consumers. Here are some recent products lounged by the company: AVEENO ® Intense Relief Repair Cream AVEENO ® POSITIVELY AGELESSâ„ ¢ Firming Body Lotion AVEENO ® POSITIVELY AGELESSâ„ ¢ Warming Scrub CLEAN CLEAR ® ADVANTGE ® Blackhead Eraserâ„ ¢ Exfoliating Cleanser JOHNSONS ® HEAD-TO-TOE ® Foaming Wash JOHNSONS ® Baby Bubble Bath Wash 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Situation analysis: Our antibacterial soap is specially produced to protect people from germs and bacteria. Especially in Pakistan where is not a complete understanding of peoples about the bacterial infection. People in third World countries are not fully aware of these kinds of problems. Even in rural areas of Pakistan where people are not literate, they are facing new skin problems every day. Our new product targets those areas of the third world where people are not aware of bacterial protection. First we focus people who are living in rural areas of Pakistan especially interior Balochistan. 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Market Summary: 1.1.1Market Demographic: According to a survey population and growth rate of Pakistan is under the following: Population of the country: 172,800,000 (according to July 2008 best estimation) Growth rate of population: 2.2% (according to 2008 estimation) Birth ratio: 31 births per 1,000 population (2008 est.) Death ratio: 8 deaths per 1,000 population (2008 est.) Net migration ratio: -1.0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.) Refr:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  wiki http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan In this survey more than 68% population of Pakistan is living in rural areas where people are not aware about the bacterial infections. 1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  External Analysis: 1.2.1Political Analysis: Constant political instability does affect the company in terms of building relations with the governments. It is very difficult to maintain long term relations with all the governments. Pakistan is aligning with US against the terrorism and because of this their peoples are victims of terrorism and are stressed. 1.2.2Environmental Analysis: Solid waste burning, bad-quality fuels, and the growing use of motor vehicles are contributing towards in air pollution that in some cities as exceeded levels deemed safe by the World Health Organization. The country is suffering a lot from the dry climates. The country has poor water infrastructure even more than 70% population dont have refined water for drinking. Moreover country has not a proper sewerage system. 1.2.3Social Analysis: JJ has to be very careful according to implementation of its promotional campaign. Since the social culture of Pakistan is very conservative and any suggestive advertisement face a lot of reactions on the part of consumers. 1.2.4Technological Analysis: Pakistan is a big consumer of new technology. Internet companies are providing a wide range of coverage. Transportation is cheaper than other big countries but there is a big problem of electricity. Existing infrastructure is unable to fulfil the complete requirements of the country. 1.2.5Economical Analysis: The economic condition of Pakistan will always affect the company. As Pakistan inflation rate is going high and high and income of peoples is not increasing as pricing of products are going up. Pakistan has a semi-industrialized economical country. The growth poles of the countrys economy are situated along the Sindh River (Indus River), diversified economies of Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad are located with less developed areas in other parts of the country. Pakistans economic growth rate has been increased in last 40 years and getting strong as compare to 1947. But still there are not enough facilities that fulfil economic requirements of the population. 1.2.6Legal Analysis: There are no legal issues in Pakistan for JJ as company meets all the legal requirement of the country. 1.3 SWOT Analysis: 1.3.1Strengths: The major strength of JJ in Pakistan is affiliation and support from the Johnson and Johnson global organization which has a good reputation in health sector. Another advantage is availability of high technology infrastructure. JJ never compromise on the quality of services and the products, they provide to the consumer. 1.3.2Weaknesses: JJ have only a weakness that they are coming in that market where already have strong competitors and they are well known and have very strong relations with the consumers. Accordingly JJ is not enough strong in that market so capturing new market is very challenging goal for the company. 1.3.3Opportunities: Although the existing antibacterial soap manufactures have already started the campaign to be aware peoples of the country about the bacterial infection but there is still a big market to capture. We believe that JJ have an opportunity to capture rural areas of the country where people have not mentally prepared to buy these antibacterial products. In urban areas people of Pakistan already familiar with JJ baby shampoo and other valued products for baby care, they will automatically buy these products. 1.3.4Threats: In every market there is a chance of new comer in the same field. Soap industry has very good margins and growing up and up day by day, so there is always a chance to have more competitors. Other main players in the antibacterial soap category (Safeguard by PG, Dettol by Reckitt Benckiser and Lifebuoy by Unilever) in Pakistan have strong positioned their brands for everyday use against bacteria. They are offering some sort of additions in their products by regular basis, they can challenge JJ by providing new improvements and they also reduce their prices to beat JJ in competition. 1.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Competitor Analysis: The following are three big companies are already operating in this area. 1.4.1PG Proctor Gamble has positioned to provide every day new advertisement and they have 20 percent of market share. A series of marketing campaign distinguished safeguard soap to all other market competitors. They have variety of types and different flavours of products. 1.4.2Uniliver Uniliver have 10 percent market share in the target market. They started marketing campaign and competing with PG but their marketing strategy is not as effective as PG has. 1.4.3Reckitt Benckiser Reckitt Benckiser are producing antibacterial soap named Dettol Soap, they have 5 percent of market share. They are well behind the both top companies products (Unilivers Lifebouy and PGs Safeguard). 1.5Distribution Pattern Analysis Regional providers are providing distribution in the soap industry. These distributors serve a large portion of the market based on the size of the market and delivering to the organizations monthly and weekly depending on the demand of the company and usage patterns. Food services deliveries typically of cleaning products once in a month. Hospitals have a different distribution system; they receive monthly a large amount of soaps. Restaurants typically receive once in a week delivery of soaps and the stores receives some times weekly and some times after two week according to the demand. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Objectives Develop a complete prototype which meets regulatory standards by June2010. Become thespecialty soap of choice for day cares across the Pakistan by December 2010. Achieve sales of Rs10 million by the end of 2010. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mission Statement: Johnson and Johnson believe on the launching of new products. Business must make a sound profit. We must experiment with new ideas. Research must be carried on, innovative programs developed and mistakes paid for. New equipment must be purchased, new facilities provided and new products launched. Johnson and Johnson is an innovative consumer company which provide new products and new ideas in health sector. Johnson and Johnson never compromise on quality and have well reputation around the world. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vision: Johnsons Johnsons vision is very clear. There vision is: -Keeping children free of infection We partner with Task Force for Global Health so children can stay healthy -Focussing on Wellness and prevention We remain commited to expand the ways we care the people through out the World. -Fulfilling new need of new markets Our vision is to improve the quality of peoples daily life. Peoples and values are our companys biggest assets. We know that our companys every invention and every product is powered by the people. We also recognise that different age, nationality and sexual orientation, physical ability, thinking ability and backgrounds bring richness to our work environment. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strategy Our executive team willbuild loyaltyfor our products withdecision-level managers of the organizations in the target markets, and they will create such a strategy in which target people directly target. For this purpose they will make some effective advertisement and will use children, male and mothers to deliver the specific messages to the audience. 6.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strategy Pyramid Ourultimate strategyisto build JJ products intothe standard forhome and workplacehand washing and bathing for cleanings and free of bacteria by targeting daily routine of children, mothers and workers. We will contract the insurance, advertising companies as well as government companies to start strong branding campaign to make aware of the peoples of the brand. 6.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Competitive Strategy: To achieve good results we need to concentrate on the quality price and the same time on the competitors. PG is providing a good product with cheap price. According to the Porters Generic Strategy we will use diversification because our product and market is new, where risk of level is high we need to provide low cost soap and with some new and different attributes of our new brand soap. Reckitt Benckiser is also lounged a campaign through advertisement to educate children about the bacterial infection. Same time Uniliver is playing vital role and they are also focusing on the school level children. In accordance to above factors Johnson Johnson is very keen on pricing and quality of products. 6.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marketing Strategy For our initial target market of home consumers, JJ will implement two parallel marketing efforts. One is aimed to the parents of young children who use this antibacterial soap and other is to educate the children regarding bacterial infection. We need to create a push factor by effectively convincing the mothers of children that our product provides an ideal solution for the bacterial infection to the hand washing compliance and bathing.A branding campaign will build awareness and provide education the children of rural areas where children do not have a proper education of germs and bacteria in their daily life. 6.4Market Segmentation: 6.4.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Demographic: Our antibacterial soap targets the children, adult and households. According to CIA World Fact book age structure of Pakistan is: Age structure: 0-14 years: 36.7% (male 33,037,943/female 31,092,572) 15-64 years: 59.1% (male 53,658,173/female 49,500,786) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 3,495,350/female 3,793,734) (2009 EST.) Our primary target are children and females those are more than 50% of total population who want to fulfil an everyday needs. Females are very conscious about their health and skin diseases. They want full protection against bacteria. We also believe that children are potential agents of change in life and imparting education of the importance of hand washing with antibacterial soap will bring healthy habits in their early life. 6.4.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Market Growth: The overall market of soap is growing up by 10% in recent scenario and particularly 7% growth in antibacterial soap in Pakistan. 6.4.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Socioeconomic Middle class and upper middle class will be the main target of the product. Primary target will be cities and surrounding areas of the cities. Rural market penetration is limited and is primarily driven through wholesalers. Psychographic: In this we can target young house wives and mothers who care about the health of whole family and can educate their children about bacterial infections, health and hygiene. 6.4.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Positioning Strategy Our strategy is to provide healthy life with low cost product and high quality. Our product provides conclusive evidence every time a child washes his or her hands for only a marginally higher cost than traditional soaps. The cost is significantly less than gloves or other hand washing liquids available in the market. 6.5Product 6.5.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Product Name: Pak Soap 6.5.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Product Type: Anti-bacterial Soap 6.5.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ingredients: Tricloson Palm Oil Water Sodium laurel Sulphate Laura Mide DEA Glycole Disterate Cocamidopropyl betaine Sodium Sulphate Fragrance Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride Citric Acid Hydanation Tetra Sodium EDTA FCD Red No 4 FDC yellow No 5 Alovera Vitamin E 6.5.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Physical and Chemical Properties: Boiling Point:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Above 21 oF Specific Gravity:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.02 Volatile by Volume:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  80% approx Solubility in Water:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Complete Evaporation Rate:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Same as Water 6.5.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Convenience good: The product will provide complete protection from all seen and unseen germs and bacteria. 6.6Pricing Strategy Retail pricing for anti bacterial soap will generally be around Rs8/eachand will command a 30% price premium overother available conventional liquidsoaps available in the market. Our values product will not be only attractive toextremely price sensitive customers it will also capture the buyers who are very much caring of their health. The soap market is generally inelastic, but we offer some different benefits overcurrent available soaps that justify the different qualities and price. 6.7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Promotion: 6.7.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Agency Selection Around 135 advertising agencies working in the market but Johnson Johnson has selected Manhattan International Limited (MIL) Advertising Company because the company has extraordinary technology and well reputation with government and civil sector in Pakistan. TV Advertisement Radio Ads News Paper and Magazines Sign Boards 6.8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Place Pak soap has also planned an in-store placement strategy to promote and market their product so to have maximum visibility to the consumer; they have assigned dedicated shelves to the product and are also promoting their product in metro and makro as well. Their placement strategy is mainly focused on v Place Pak Soap next to Safeguard v Equal or more faces than Safeguard, Dettol and Lifebouy. v Place between Dettol Safeguard where Possible. v Build brand block wherever possible. 6.9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Distribution Strategy Initially our distribution strategy will involve a combination of both distributors and direct sales through some available channels in the market.Relationships with local Pakistani distributors then will be established for promotional reach and potential users. Our executive team will get the first order after direct delivery to the wholesalers and will give some discount to them.In the future entirely outsourcing distribution will allowJohnson Johnson to focus its efforts on marketing and expanding as quickly as possible. 6.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Action Plan 6.10.1Gantt chart 6.11Financial Strategy (Budgeting): Johnson Johnson pvt ltd is a sub company of Johnson Johnson which operates in the country. This project is only for Rs22 million. We will buy machinery for production of soap which will cost only Rs120,000 and purchase for Raw material is only cost for Pakistani Rs.40000. So all other expenses and salaries of employees for production for the first quarter is can be seen in the following: Pak soap is a Rs 1 billion brand annually and so the marketing budget allocated to it approx 20 % of total Net revenue, not much resources have been allocated to Pak soap marketing efforts due to its squeezed margins and close competition with other antibacterial soaps, it mainly derives its sales from the brand equity of Pak Soap. 6.12Sales Forecast 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evaluation and Control Johnson Johnson is a family company that prides itself on improving the health and well being of its consumers. By targeting all age groups, socioeconomic statuses, and partnering consumers, the new product will provid 22 million of net profit for the first quarter after the launching of the antibacterial soap, which is the actual amount of the projectDomestic sales increased .2%, while international sales increased 13.8% (2.6% from operations and 11.2% from currency). These figures represent Johnson Johnson meeting and exceeding consumer needs, which is partly the reason why it is a Fortune 500 company. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conclusion and Recommendations: We have carefully research and analysed the market strategies adopted by Johnson Johnson Pakistan to boost the sales of new anti-bacterial soap () in the country and in first quarter Johnson Johnson will capture the 20% of market share. Following are the some suggestions for Johnson Johnson Pakistan Pvt. Ltd.: Price of soap will be set the according to the competitors. If competitors reduce their price they reduce their margin and should reduce the price. After successfully launched they should provide some flavours in the soap, so customers can enjoy different flavours as the other competitor Safeguard have 7 flavours in the market. Start a program in which they can educate children, industrial workers and mothers by hiring teams which will go door to door. 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Individual Critical Reflection Report: Marketing Management subject was never interested for me before studying this module. When I started to learn, very first class creates my interest in this subject in which tutor gave us an assignment to analyse the market, which was the turning point for me. And we visited some clothing stores than I get knowledge about how to analyse the different things. Before starting my MBA I was not familiar with the appropriate terminologies used in the marketing field, but I was very much sure that I will understand these concepts. I have managerial experience but not in marketing field and I wasnt know even about to write the different types of marketing. As module was passing day by day I feel many things change in myself, for example when I visit any place or store I started to analyse the things around me. This is the first development which I feel in myself. The concept of learning through case studies was very effective. It polished my reading and implementation of concepts and I come to know how the concepts can be taken out from the printed and electronic Medias. This developed my reading power and I learned how we extract the main points from a whole passage. Initially when I start to read a passage I feel difficulties to take out specific points from the articles, but day by day I feel change in myself, I feel confident and really enjoy reading articles and magazines. Presenting on the front of the class is another opportunity which I got from marketing management module which is very important for a marketing manager or MBA student, because people says presentation is very important for sell some thing. By preparing Wilkinson case study in early classes and presenting on the front of the tutor was an awesome experience which developed a self confidence level and enhanced my presentation and speaking skills. By learning in very depth of the marketing concepts I understand how the all stakeholders are very important in the process of marketing such as how the competitors can effect on the business. After completing this module I can write the marketing plan for any organization as I did in this assignment. Now I know how to use the marketing mix and how we can analyse the performance and how can we position an organization in the marketing. Porters Generic Studies, Ansoffs matrix, consumer behaviour, segmentation strategy and decision power of buyers were new for me and now I completely understand that how these models can be implemented in the marketing strategy of a company. Evolution of marketing metrics, ethics and social responsibilities and managing a marketing team is now not difficult for me as I am planning to start my own business after my MBA, I am very happy that I have enough knowledge of measurement and control a marketing plan and how to write a project plan by assigning different tasks to different teams. As a conclusion the whole module was very helpful to build and develop marketing concepts for me. References and Bibliography: Course Book http://www.jnj.com www.wikipedia.com www.uniliver.com http://www.marketingprofs.com/ http://www.articlesbase.com/marketing-articles/ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2010.html 1 / 27 LSBF (MBA)

Bounty Scandal Essay -- Case Review

When does a contact sport become a crime? That is the question that every National Football League (NFL) fan has asked themselves in light of the former Saints defensive coordinator (DC) Gregg Williams’ â€Å"bounty program.† No one person has wrestled with this question more than the NFL commissioner Rodger Goodell. Goodell was faced with an ethical decision that will shape his tenure as the NFL’s commissioner; his decision will become precedence for many commissioners after him. Using the RESOLVEDD strategy of decision-making developed by Raymond Pfeiffer and Ralph Forsberg (2005), this paper will examine the scandal, scrutinize the decisions made, and determine if the NLF commissioner took the correct action for the league. The first step of the RESOLVEDD process, represented by â€Å"R,† is â€Å"review the case† (Pfeiffer & Forsberg, 2005). The NFL began investigating the New Orleans Saints after their Super Bowl win in 2009, when accusations arose that the organization had organized a cash payout bonus program for injuring players. The extra payouts are against league rules, prohibiting non-contract bonuses. Additionally, these bonuses did not pay for performance; but, specifically cart-offs, concussions, and knock-outs. The sums of these payouts reached up to $50,000 during the 2009 playoffs. Early investigations died out when security personnel interviewed players and coaches; they all denied that such a program ever existed (National Football League, 2012). The league at that time could not prove the allegations, but Goodell wanted to ensure that the league understood this type of program would not be tolerated. The league would send out bi-annual letters to all teams, remind ing them that out-of-contract bonuses are illegal... ...imes.com/2012/03/22/sports/football/nfl-delivers-harsh-punishment-to-saints-over-bounty-program.html?pagewanted=all Cherry, E., Sealey, D., & Mangialardi, L. (1991). Understanding the risks. Journal of Sport Management, 5(2), 198. Kahn, L. (2009). Sports, antitrust enforcement and collective bargaining. Antitrust Bulletin, 54(4), 857-881. Retrieved April 24, 2012, from the EBSCO Host database. National Football League. (2012). Full NFL statement into 'bounty' program run by New Orleans Saints. nola.com. Retrieved May 1, 2012, from www.nola.com/saints/index.ssf/2012/03/full_nfl_statement_into_bounty.html O'Rourke, M. (2011). Risk on the field and in the headlines. Risk Management, 58(3), 37. Retrieved April 24, 2012, from the EBSCO Host database. Pfeiffer, R., & Forsberg, R. (2005). Ethics on the job: cases and strategies (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.

Philosophy of life Essay

Unit 1: The nature of values – These Quotes and information are good to use when discussing values in any essay Values as ‘principles and fundamental convictions’ are abstractions until they are applied in the contexts of daily life. Values are made real or ‘realised’ when their meaning is expressed through choices made and behaviours acted out. Values are the priorities individuals and society attach to certain beliefs, experiences, and objects in deciding how they shall live and what they shall treasure. (Hill, 2004) principles and fundamental convictions which act as general guides to behaviour, the standards by which particular actions are judged as good or desirable. (Halstead, Taylor and Taylor, 2000) Unit 1: The nature of values – These Quotes and information are good to use when discussing values in any essay Values as ‘principles and fundamental convictions’ are abstractions until they are applied in the contexts of daily life. Values are made real or ‘realised’ when their meaning is expressed through choices made and behaviours acted out. Values are the priorities individuals and society attach to certain beliefs, experiences, and objects in deciding how they shall live and what they shall treasure. (Hill, 2004) principles and fundamental convictions which act as general guides to behaviour, the standards by which particular actions are judged as good or desirable. (Halstead, Taylor and Taylor, 2000) Unit 1: The nature of values – These Quotes and information are good to use when discussing values in any essay Values as ‘principles and fundamental convictions’ are abstractions until they are applied in the contexts of daily life. Values are made real or ‘realised’ when their meaning is expressed through choices made and behaviours acted out. Values are the priorities individuals and society attach to certain beliefs, experiences, and objects in deciding how they shall live and what they shall treasure. (Hill, 2004) principles and fundamental convictions which act as general guides to behaviour, the standards by which particular actions are judged as good or desirable. (Halstead, Taylor and Taylor, 2000).

Profile of Rachel Maddow, MSNBC Journalist

Profile of Rachel Maddow, MSNBC Journalist Rachel Maddow is the outspoken, energetic host of MSNBCs The Rachel Maddow Show, a political news and commentary weeknight program. The show first aired on September 8, 2008, urged by viewers impressed with Maddows frequent guest hosting of MSNBCs The Keith Olbermann Show. Ms. Maddow is an avowed liberal who enjoys the feisty thrust-and-parry of debate. A self-described national security liberal, Rachel Maddow is known for sharp intelligence, wit, work ethic, and reliance on well-researched facts, rather than party-line talking points, to inform her independent viewpoint. Before MSNBC 1999 - Won an open-casting call for a radio co-hosting job on WRNX in Massachusetts. Soon moved to WRSI, where she hosted a program for two years.2004 - Landed a co-hosting gig on new liberal radio network, Air America.2005 - Accepted Air Americas offer to host her own liberal politics radio show, The Rachel Maddow, which continues in late 2009. The program has changed time slots several times, and currently airs each weekday at 5 am EST.2006 - Regular contributor to CNN (Paula Zahn) and MSNBC (Tucker Carlson) programs.January 2008 - Signed exclusive TV contract with MSNBC. Educational Path A 1989 graduate of Castro Valley High School where she was a three-sport athlete, Rachel Maddow earned a B.A. in Public Policy from nearby Stanford University, where she won the John Gardner Fellowship for public service. After a year in San Francisco working for the AIDS Legal Referral Panel and with ACT-UP, an AIDS non-profit, Rachel Maddow was awarded a prestigious Rhodes Scholarship to study political science at Oxford University. She completed an Oxford doctorate in politics in 2001 after several delays, including a stint at the AIDS Treatment Project in London and a 1999 move to Massachusetts. Personal Data Birth - April 1, 1973 in Castro Valley, California, near San Francisco, to Robert Maddow, an attorney and former Air Force captain, and Elaine Maddow, a school administrator.Family - Linked with partner Susan Mikula, an artist, since 1999. The couple reside quietly with their labrador retriever in a rural Massachusetts home built in 1865. Rachel Maddow came out as gay at age 17 when a Stanford freshman. She was the first openly gay American to be awarded a Rhodes Scholarship, and the first openly gay journalist to anchor a major U.S. news program. Accolades and Honors For her efforts as a political journalist, Rachel Maddow has been awarded: 2010 Walter Cronkite Faith Freedom award. Past recipients include Tom Brokaw, Larry King, and the late Peter Jennings.2009 - Nomination for Outstanding Achievement in News and Information by the Television Critics Association, the only cable news program accorded the honor2009 - Gracie Award by the American Women in Radio, TelevisionMarch 28, 2009 - Proclamation of Honor from the California State Senate Maddow has also been lauded for her work by myriad  gay and lesbian organizations, including GLAAD, AfterEllen, and Out magazine. Quotes On Being a Liberal I am a liberal. Im not a partisan, not a Democratic Party hack. Im not trying to advance anybodys agenda. Washington Post, August 27, 2008 On Her Appearance Im not that pretty. Women on television are over-the-top, beauty-pageant gorgeous. Thats not the grounds on which I am competing. Washington Post, August 27, 2008 Im not Anchorbabe, and Im never going to be. My goal is to do the physical appearance stuff in such a way that it is not comment-worthy. The Village Voice, June 23, 2009 On Fox News The one time Fox News ever asked me to be a guest was when Madonna made news by kissing another famous female, Britney Spears. They thought I had expertise, maybe. I said, No, duh. The Guardian UK, September 28, 2008 On Being a Political Commentator I do worry if being a pundit is a worthwhile thing to be. Yeah, I’m the unlikely cable news host. But before that I was the unlikely Rhodes scholar. And before that I was the unlikely kid who got into Stanford. And then I was the unlikely lifeguard. You can always cast yourself as unlikely when you’re fundamentally alienated in your worldview. It’s a healthy approach for a commentator. New York Magazine, November 2, 2008

How to Use the STDEV.S Function in Excel

How to Use the STDEV.S Function in Excel The standard deviation is a descriptive statistic that tells us about the dispersion- or spread- of a set of data. Just like using many other formulas in statistics, the calculation of a standard deviation is a fairly tedious process to do by hand. Fortunately, statistical software speeds up this calculation considerably. Statistical Software There are many software packages that do statistical calculations, but one of the most readily accessible programs is Microsoft Excel. Although we could use a step-by-step process using the formula for a standard deviation for our calculation, it is possible to complete this calculation using one Excel function. Populations and Samples Before moving on to the specific commands used to calculate a standard deviation, it is important to distinguish between a population and a sample. A population is the set of every individual being studied. A sample is a subset of a population. The difference between these two concepts means the difference in how a standard deviation is calculated. Standard Deviation in Excel To use Excel to determine the sample standard deviation of a set of quantitative data, type these numbers into a group of adjacent cells in a spreadsheet. In an empty cell type what is in the quotation marks STDEV.S(  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Following this type the location of the cells where the data is and then close the parentheses with ​). This can alternatively be done by use of the following procedure. If our data is located in cells A2 to A10, then (omitting the quotation marks) STDEV.S(A2:A10) will obtain the sample standard deviation of the entries in cells A2 to A10. Rather than typing the location of the cells where our data is located, we can use a different method. This involves typing the first half of the formula STDEV.S(, and clicking on the first cell where the data is located. A colored box will appear around the cell that we have selected. We then drag the mouse until we have selected all of the cells that contain our data. We finish this by closing the parentheses. Cautions There a few cautions that must be made in using Excel for this calculation. We need to make sure that we do not mix up out functions. The Excel formula STDEV.S closely resembles STDEV.P. The former is typically the necessary formula for our calculations, as it is used when our data is a sample from a population. In the event that our data constitutes the entire population being studied, then we would want to use STDEV.P. Another thing that we must be careful about concerns the number of data values. Excel is limited by the number of values that can be entered into the standard deviation function. All of the cells that we use for our calculation must be numerical. We must be sure that error cells and cells with text in them are not entered into the standard deviation formula.